Email marketing consists of the regular distribution of emails to targeted recipients. An extreme form of email marketing is spamming where recipients are sent email messages blind, that is, the email recipients did not subscribe or have not enrolled to the newsletter mailing list. Aside from newsletters, special offers and other notices or solicitations may also be sent to the subscribers.

Search engine optimization or SEO is a set of processes which aim to raise a website's rankings on search engines. The process used is in continuous fine-tuning and revision due to the continuous updates of how a search engine determines the rankings. Current popular methods rely on the significance of a referror website to the target URL.